气体灭火的加压贮存方式知识介绍
来源：http://www.cx-fire.com/ 日期：2022-01-24
气体灭火剂的临界温度、饱和蒸汽压等物理特性，决定其加压贮存方式，与设计应用密切相关！
The critical temperature, saturated vapor pressure and other physical characteristics of gas fire extinguishing agent determine its pressurized storage mode, which is closely related to design and application!
按加压贮存方式分类，气体灭火可分为：自压式气体灭火系统、内贮压式气体灭火系统、外贮压式气体灭火系统。
According to the classification of pressurized storage mode, gas fire extinguishing can be divided into: self pressure gas fire extinguishing system, internal pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system and external pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system.
一、自压式气体灭火系统：
1、 Self pressure gas fire extinguishing system:
自压式气体灭火系统是指灭火剂瓶组中的灭火剂依靠自身压力进行输送的灭火系统。
Self pressure gas fire extinguishing system refers to the fire extinguishing system in which the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent bottle group is transported by its own pressure.
以下两种情况，一般都采用自压式气体灭火系统：
Self pressure gas fire extinguishing system is generally used in the following two cases:
1、使用温度高于临界温度的灭火剂，这类灭火剂在使用温度范围内永远不可能被液化，都是采用高压贮存，可以依靠自身压力完成灭火剂输送，属自压式气体灭火系统。
1. Fire extinguishing agents with a temperature higher than the critical temperature can never be liquefied within the service temperature range. They are stored under high pressure and can complete the transmission of fire extinguishing agents by relying on their own pressure. They are self pressurized gas fire extinguishing systems.
示例：1G541主要组份以及G541、IG55、IG100、IG01等的临界温度都远低于使用温度，属于自压式气体灭火系统。
Example: the critical temperatures of main components of 1G541 and g541, ig55, IG100, IG01, etc. are far lower than the service temperature, which belongs to self pressure gas fire extinguishing system.
（IG541、IG55、IG100、IG01均为气态贮存）
(IG541, ig55, IG100 and IG01 are stored in gaseous state)
2、使用温度低于临界温度，但饱和蒸气压较高的灭火剂，可以依靠自身压力完成灭火剂输送，也可以采用自压式气体灭火系统。
2. The fire extinguishing agent with temperature lower than the critical temperature but high saturated vapor pressure can be transported by self pressure, or self pressure gas fire extinguishing system can be used.
示例：二氧化碳的临界温度31.26℃，20℃时的饱和蒸气压5.7MPa，属于自压式气体灭火系统。
Example: the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.26 ℃, and the saturated vapor pressure at 20 ℃ is 5.7mpa. It belongs to self pressure gas fire extinguishing system.
二、内贮压式气体灭火系统：
2、 Internal pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system:
内贮压式气体灭火系统的灭火剂在瓶组内用惰性气体进行加压贮存，系统动作时灭火剂依靠瓶组内的加压气体进行输送。
The fire extinguishing agent of the internal pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system is pressurized and stored with inert gas in the bottle group. When the system operates, the fire extinguishing agent is transported by the pressurized gas in the bottle group.
在使用温度范围内，饱和蒸气压较低的灭火剂，必须依靠惰性气体（氮气）增压，依靠高压氮气完成灭火剂输送。
Within the service temperature range, the fire extinguishing agent with low saturated vapor pressure must be pressurized by inert gas (nitrogen) and transported by high-pressure nitrogen.
示例：七氟丙烷在20℃时的饱和蒸气压为0.39MPa，必须依靠氮气增压才能有效释放，一般采用内贮压方式。
Example: the saturated vapor pressure of heptafluoropropane at 20 ℃ is 0.39mpa, which can be effectively released only by nitrogen pressurization. Generally, the internal pressure storage method is adopted.
三、外贮压式气体灭火系统：
3、 External pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system:
外贮压式气体灭火系统是指驱动气体（氮气）与灭火剂分别储存的灭火系统。
External pressure storage gas fire extinguishing system refers to the fire extinguishing system in which the driving gas (nitrogen) and fire extinguishing agent are stored separately.
示例：七氟丙烷一般采用内贮压方式，也可以采用外贮压方式。
Example: heptafluoropropane generally adopts internal pressure storage or external pressure storage.
在外贮压式的七氟丙烷系统中，高压氮气贮存在动力瓶组中；七氟丙烷药剂贮存在药剂瓶组中。当系统启动时，动力瓶组中的高压氮气经减压阀释放药剂瓶组，推动七氟丙烷灭火剂释放防护区。
In the external pressure storage heptafluoropropane system, high-pressure nitrogen is stored in the power bottle group; Heptafluoropropane is stored in the reagent bottle group. When the system is started, the high-pressure nitrogen in the power bottle group is released to the reagent bottle group through the pressure reducing valve to promote the release of heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent to the protection area.
小贴士：
Tips:
1、临界温度：能够使物质由气相变为液相的高温度叫临界温度。每种物质都有一个特定的温度，在这个温度以上，无论怎样增大压强，气态物质不会液化，这个温度就是临界温度。
1. Critical temperature: the maximum temperature that can make the material change from gas to liquid phase is called critical temperature. Each substance has a specific temperature. Above this temperature, no matter how the pressure is increased, the gaseous substance will not liquefy. This temperature is the critical temperature.
2、饱和蒸气压：在密闭条件中，在一定温度下，与液体或固体处于相平衡的蒸气所具有的压力称为饱和蒸气压。同一物质在不同温度下有不同的蒸气压，并随着温度的升高而增大。
2. Saturated vapor pressure: in closed conditions, the pressure of vapor in equilibrium with liquid or solid at a certain temperature is called saturated vapor pressure. The same substance has different vapor pressure at different temperatures and increases with the increase of temperature.
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